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Blueberries are low perennial shrubs belonging to the genus Vaccinium of the azalea family. It is native to North America and East Asia, distributed in North Korea, China, Japan, Mongolia, Russia, Europe, North America, and other countries and regions. It grows in areas 900-2300 meters above sea level.
The benefits of blueberry are that the fruit is rich in nutrients, especially rich in anthocyanins. It not only has good nutrition and health effects, but also has the functions of preventing cranial nerve aging, strengthening the heart, fighting cancer, softening blood vessels, and enhancing human immunity.
The country where blueberries were first cultivated was the United States, but it has not yet reached a century of cultivation history. Because of its high health value, it is popular all over the world. It is one of the top five healthy fruits recommended by the World Food and Agriculture Organization.
Blueberries are a kind of delicious fruit, and because blueberries have a strong therapeutic effect, everyone loves blueberries!
Morphological characteristics
1.Fruit
The size and color of blueberry fruits vary by species. The fruits of most varieties are dark blue or violet when they are ripe, such as rabbit-eye blueberries, highbush blueberries, and lowbush blueberries. A few varieties are red.
The fruits are spherical, oval, oblate, or pear-shaped. The average fruit weight is 0.5 ~ 2.5 g, and the diameter ranges from 0.8 ~ 1.5 cm. The single fruit weight of rabbiteye blueberries can reach 25 g.
Blueberry fruits generally mature 70 to 90 days after flowering. The pulp is soft and juicy. The seeds are small and can be eaten with the flesh without affecting the taste.
2.Petals
The flowers of blueberries are racemes. The inflorescence is mostly lateral, sometimes terminal. Usually composed of 7 to 10 flowers, the flowers are bisexual, solitary or twin in the leaf axils, radially symmetrical or bilaterally symmetrical.
The flower buds of blueberries generally grow on top of the branches. In spring, flower buds germinate first for 3 to 4 weeks before reaching full bloom. When the flower buds germinate, the leaf buds begin to grow, and when the flower buds are in full bloom, the leaf buds germinate and grow to their proper length. The corolla is often altar-shaped or bell-shaped.
Petal base united, outer edge 4-lobed or 5-lobed, white or pink, stamens 8 ~ 10, shorter than style, stamens are twice as large as corolla lobes, anther holes split, ovary inferior, axial placenta, berry, Pollinated by insects or wind pollination.
3.Leaves
Blueberries have evergreen and deciduous leaves. The leaves are single leaf alternate, sparsely opposite or whorled, whole or serrated.
The tall, semi-high, and low-bush blueberries shed their leaves before winter. Rabbit eyes are evergreen, and the leaves can remain on the tree for 2 to 3 years. The most common leaf shape is oval without stipules.
The size of the leaves varies depending on the species. The leaf length of tall bush blueberries can reach 8 cm, while that of low bush blueberries is generally less than 1 cm. The leaf length of rabbiteye blueberries is between high bush blueberries and low bush blueberries.
Most blueberry species have fluff on the underside of the leaves, and even some types of flowers and fruits are fluffy, but the leaves of low bush blueberries rarely have fluff.
4.Tree stem
Shrubs grow in clusters, with significant differences in tree size and morphology. The height of rabbiteye blueberries can reach 10 m, and it is often controlled at about 3 m in cultivation;
The height of tall blueberry trees is generally 1 ~ 3 m; the height of half-height blueberry trees is 20 ~ 100 cm; the height of low blueberry trees is 30 ~ 50 cm.
The height of the rabbit-eye blueberry tree can reach 10 m, the shorter red bean blueberry tree is 5 ~ 25 cm high, and the shortest cranberry tree is creeping, and the tree height is only 5 ~ 15 cm.
5.Root
Blueberry has many slender roots, few thick roots, shallow distribution, and no root hairs.
However, almost all blueberry fine roots have endophytic mycorrhizas and fungi symbiosis, which help blueberry plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and make up for their lack of root hairs and poor water and nutrient absorption.
The extension range of blueberry roots in the soil is relatively narrow, which is basically the same as the size of the canopy. The main part of the root system of the dwarf blueberry is the rhizome.
It is estimated that about 85% of the stem tissue of bush blueberries is rhizomes. Adventitious buds germinate on rhizomes and form branches.
Rhizomes are generally uniaxial, with a diameter of 3 to 6 mm. The rhizomes branch frequently, forming a tight network structure in the 6-25 mm deep soil layer below the surface.
Newly occurring rhizomes are generally pink, while old rhizomes are dark brown and cork. The root system of bush blueberry is distributed in the organic matter layer in the upper layer of soil.
TOP 6 Benefits of blueberry
1.Protect your eyes
The nutritional value of dried blueberries is still very rich. First of all, there are rich glycoside pigments in dried blueberries, and dried blueberries can also have a good health care effect on our eye health, which can help everyone effectively reduce the eye area. Fatigue is also good for improving night vision. If we often use our eyes, then eating dried blueberries is a good choice.
2.Lower cholesterol
The pectin content in dried blueberries is also very high, so eating dried blueberries can effectively reduce cholesterol, which is also meant to prevent atherosclerosis. At the same time, you can also use the method of eating dried blueberries. Promote cardiovascular health. At the same time, dried blueberries are rich in vitamin C. Everyone can eat dried blueberries to enhance heart function.
3.Prevent cancer
This is actually good for preventing cancer and heart disease. It can prevent cranial nerves from aging and increase brain power. This is good for us to promote brain health. At the same time, dried blueberries are good for common colds and colds. Sore throat and diarrhea can actually be improved.
4.Delay the aging of brain nerves
In fact, dried blueberries can also protect our capillaries and produce anti-oxidant effects, which can delay the aging of brain nerves and enhance memory.
5.Enhance immunity
It can help the human body to strengthen the body’s immunity, and it can also enhance the resistance to infectious diseases and prevent diseases.
And blueberries are a kind of high-fiber fruit, which can supplement fiber to the human body, and the effect of taking fiber in the daily diet is good.
Because blueberries can help us fight against the effects of free radicals, active oxygen and various diseases have preventive effects, especially some innate immune system diseases
6.Eliminate inflammation in the body
At the same time, dried blueberries also have the effect of eliminating inflammation in the body, especially for us to solve the problems of urinary tract infection and chronic nephritis. It is a good choice for beauty and beauty.
Note — benefits of blueberry
Dried blueberries contain oxalate. If we say that oxalate accumulates in our body too much, it will crystallize when it enters our body fluids, which is harmful to our body.
At the same time, oxalate will interfere with our body’s absorption of calcium after eating, so we must be careful.